UNIT 3B
AI: OUR FRIEND
SMART WORLD
WORD MENAING
1. Ideally –
preferably
2. Efficiency –
ability to do well
3. Evolution –
process of gradual development
4. Surpassed –
going beyond limit
5. Consuming –
taking lot of time or resources
6. Evaluate – check
quality
7. Precision –
exact, accurate, correct
8. Prolonged – long
duration
9. Access – having
pass
10. Amplified –
increase more
B.3 Work in pairs
a. In what way are modern computing machines similar to human
brains?
Human brain
can think independently. The modern computers enabled by AI programmes or machines
can work on their own without being encoded with commands. Hence work similarly
like human brains.
b. How can AI be used to influence the content we see on social
media sites?
AI can create social media posts and control what we see on such platforms. Hence, AI can force us to see similar kinds of posts based on our preferences. At the same time, AI can also be used to hide content from the user.
c. What are the advantages of cloud computing?
Cloud computing helps one to store and access data over the Internet. Cloud computing offers enormous space and time for our storage and we can easily dig out data from the cloud storage space. It further helps in networking via a common shared network where others can easily have access to data.
d. Who is John McCarthy? What is his contribution?
John McCarthy is one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. He was the professor of Standford University and received the prestigious Turning Award in 1971 for his contribution to the topic AI.
e. What are several kinds of AI applications available today?
(i) Web search engines:
It is a
software system which helps one to find material and data from web
searches. It searches the World Wide Web in a logical manner to give you best
possible answers of your search.
Examples:
Google and DuckDuckGo
(ii) recommendation systems:
It is a
type of information filtering system that tries to give you search advantages
based on your ‘rating’ and ‘preferences’. This system is used in different
areas like your preferred music and online shopping.
Examples:
Amazon and Netflix
(iii) competing at the highest level of strategic game systems:
Developed
by AI technology, this type of games can compete with human players and even
defeat them.
Examples:
Chess, Deep Blue
(iv) understanding human speech:
Natural-language
understanding (NLU) is a type of language processing system for reading
comprehension.
Examples:
Alexa and Siri
Ex. B.6 (Page: 80)
a. What does the narrator want ot convey
in the following line from the text?... a majority of us have ideally
‘updated’ or ‘upgraded’ our lifestyles to make them ‘smart’…
ii. We have started using smarter and
enhanced devices.
b. There are several kinds of AI
applications all around us today. Which of the following has NOT been cited
as an example of AI application in the passage?
i.
exploring space and mining asteroids using by AI-enabled drones
c. Robotic surgery or robot-assisted
surgery helps surgeons perform complex procedures with utmost precision.
Which option correctly substitutes the underlined word?
iv.
maximum
d. Cloud computing is an AI-based
computing service that helps the user store and access data ……………………………….
ii.
over the Internet
B.7 Answer the Following Questions:
a. The technology behind artificial intelligence is an important
development, and it has changed the course of human history considerably. Give
any two examples from the passage that show how AI has changed our lives.
The
technology behind artificial intelligence has changed the course of human
history considerably. It has made our life-style smart: from telephones we have
moved to smartphones; from wristwatches to smartwatches and from monitor,
system unit, keyboard and mouse to using laptops and tablets.
We have
developed Artificial Intelligence which is capable of rational thinking and
processing information just like a human brain; and such technology web search
engines, strategic games systems are included in our day-to-day life.
b. How has AI affected the following sectors?
(i) healthcare:
AI can
help doctors evaluate X-ray reports after injuries. Robitic surgery or
robot-assisted surgery helps surgeons perform complex procedures with utmost
precision. AI also helps in better research, resulting in the development of
advance and effective medicines.
(ii) the commercial and manufacturing sector:
It uses
data and reasoning abilities; new materials and tools are created. Such tools
and materials are more powerful and lighter. Technological devices are highly
superior and user friendly. So, anyone can easily operate them.
c. Why are the following people apprehensive about the growth and
use of AI?
(i) Nick Bilton:
Nick
Bilton is apprehensive that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can become scarier and
even destructive. If AI is capable of thinking on its own, they might instead
of healing a patient, destroy them altogether as they are prone to the disease.
(ii) Stephen Hawking:
According
to Stephen Hawking, the machine might take off on its own, and re-design itself
at and every increasing rate as compared to human who are biologically slow.
(iii) Alan Turning:
According to Alan Turning if the machine could start thinking on their own and start converse with each other; it might outstrip human’s feeble power. Hence, machine might start controlling us.
d. We have come a long way from the times when data was confined to
a small section of people. How has this changed the world we live in?
Once data and internet were limited only to a small section of people. But now, it is available everyone and every time. With cloud computing and data sharing and availability has gone to a next level. All over internet via a common sharing network everyone can have access to data meant to be share.
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